What Are the Five Pillars of Islam?
The Five Pillars of Islam (أركان الإسلام) are the five basic acts of worship that are obligatory for all Muslims. They were outlined by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in a famous Hadith where he said:
"Islam is built upon five [pillars]: testifying that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, establishing prayer, paying Zakat, performing Hajj to the House, and fasting in Ramadan."
Shahada
الشهادة
Declaration of Faith
The Shahada is the Islamic declaration of faith: 'Ash-hadu an la ilaha illa Allah, wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan rasul Allah' (I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah).
Why It's Important
It is the foundation upon which all other pillars rest. Sincerely declaring the Shahada is the first step to becoming a Muslim.
How It's Practiced
Muslims recite the Shahada during daily prayers, important life events, and when someone wishes to convert to Islam.
Pillar
Salah
الصلاة
The Five Daily Prayers
Salah is the ritual prayer performed five times daily: Fajr (dawn), Dhuhr (noon), Asr (afternoon), Maghrib (sunset), and Isha (night). Each prayer involves specific movements and recitations from the Quran.
Why It's Important
Prayer establishes a direct connection between the worshipper and Allah. It is a constant reminder of faith throughout the day.
How It's Practiced
Muslims face the Kaaba in Mecca, perform ablution (wudu), and pray at specified times. Friday midday prayer (Jumu'ah) is especially important.
Pillar
Zakat
الزكاة
Obligatory Charity
Zakat is the obligatory giving of a portion of one's wealth (typically 2.5%) to those in need. It purifies wealth and helps distribute resources within the Muslim community.
Why It's Important
Zakat reminds Muslims that all wealth ultimately belongs to Allah and should be shared with those less fortunate.
How It's Practiced
Muslims calculate their zakatable assets annually and distribute the required amount to eligible recipients, including the poor and needy.
Pillar
Sawm
الصوم
Fasting During Ramadan
Sawm is fasting from dawn to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan. Muslims abstain from food, drink, and other physical needs during daylight hours.
Why It's Important
Fasting develops self-discipline, spiritual reflection, and empathy for those who are hungry and less fortunate.
How It's Practiced
The fast is broken each evening with Iftar, often beginning with dates and water. The pre-dawn meal is called Suhoor.
Pillar
Hajj
الحج
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Hajj is the annual pilgrimage to Mecca that every able-bodied Muslim who can afford it must perform at least once in their lifetime. It takes place during the Islamic month of Dhul Hijjah.
Why It's Important
Hajj symbolizes the unity of Muslims worldwide and their submission to Allah. It commemorates the trials of Prophet Ibrahim and his family.
How It's Practiced
Pilgrims wear simple white garments (Ihram), perform rituals including circling the Kaaba, and visit other sacred sites.
Pillar